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The biotechnology industry originated in the 1970s, based largely on a new recombinant DNA technique whose details were published in 1973 by Stanley Cohen of Stanford University and Herbert Boyer of the University of California, San Francisco. Recombinant DNA is a method of making proteins—such as human insulin and other therapies—in cultured cells under controlled manufac
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turing conditions. Boyer went on to co-found Genentech, which today is biotechnology’s largest company by market capitalization.
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